Toward a transitional justice framework for preventing and overcoming violent extremism, by ronald slye and mark freeman. The operation is a response to a boko haram attack on a chadian military base that killed over 98. Institutionalize, mainstream and integrate strategic communication in pcve programs at all levels pcve, 2017, pp. Violent extremism in nigeria is setting in motion a dramatic reversal of development gains and threatening to stunt prospects of development for decades to come.
One aspect of such an approach has come to be known as countering violent extremism cve. Balancing accountability and reconciliation in iraq, by mara revkin. Nigerias countering violent extremism programme april 14th, 2016 recalling the united nations global counterterrorism strategy 2006 and the united nations general assembly 2015. As announced by the international development secretary on 12 april 2018, dfid intends to pilot new countrylevel programming targeting specific communities and locations vulnerable to violent. Oct 02, 2018 enhance the capacity of individuals and communities to prevent and counter violent extremism and recover from violent incidents. Find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Pdf an analysis of a field study on peacebuilders perspectives on boko haram and the causes of violent extremism in nigeria. Violent extremism and homegrown insurgency appear to be ripping the fabric of nigeria s unity. Combating violentextremism and insurgency in nigeria. Insurgent groups have made several daring attempts to impose religious ideology forcefully, such as the practice of sharia law on nigeria s secular state. The causes and consequences of violent extremism and the role. Toward a model of radicalization of the almajiri cohort article pdf available september 2017 with 659 reads how we measure reads.
Youth violence and the challenes iii of violent extremism in inder table of contents. Request pdf islamic radicalisation and violent extremism in nigeria this article examines the issues underlining islamic radicalisation and violence in nigeria. Nevertheless, it is imperative to recognize that the war against boko haram and violent extremism in general, is not over yet. To tackle violent extremist activities and groups, including addressing its root causes. What is the root cause of boko haram in northeast nigeria. For a successful counterterrorism campaign, scholars and conflict practitioners emphasize a combination of military and nonmilitary strategies. Combating violent conflicts and terrorism in nigeria. The role of religion in the increasing spread of violent extremism cannot be over emphasized. The image of the teenager rebelling against authorities is regularly conjured up in debates about violent extremismhelped by the. Nov 14, 2016 several researches conducted in nigeria have identified religious distortions, unemploymentpoverty, reckless conflict handling styles and so forth, as the major drivers of violent extremism religious distortion. And what are the consequences of boko harams violence on rural livelihoods. Countering violent extremism through media and communication. The paper provides a set of twenty indicators of extremism that can be used as an instrument for monitoring. Countering violent extremism in burkina faso, mali, niger and nigeria.
The nigerian military should explore additional vacancies at least two at the usawc in senior service colleges that currently accept nigerian military officers. Islamic radicalisation and violent extremism in nigeria request pdf. In africa, 33,300 fatalities are estimated to have been caused by extremism between 2011 and 2016, with related displacement and economic devastation contributing to among the worst humanitarian catastrophes ever seen on the continent. In april 2018, unodc launched the phase iii, support for criminal justice responses to terrorism and violent extremism, of the european union funded partnership to support nigeria to prevent and counter terrorism through human rightscompliant criminal justice measures against terrorism. A key tenet in much of the writing on countering violent extremism is that multifaceted approaches are needed s atran, 2004. A look back at violent extremism over past couple of decades suggests a number of phases again i realise im simplifying here. However radicalization as violent extremism is the process by which an individual or group adopts extreme political, social, or religious ideals that reject the status quo, undermining contemporary ideas regarding freedom of choice and expression and condoning violence to achieve ideological ends, including undertaking terrorist acts. The import of pla theory stems from its emphasis on the use of bottomup. Boko haram and violent extremism amazon web services. On april 2, 2020, the governments of niger, nigeria, and chad announced a joint bombing and clearance operation to rid the lake chad region of boko haram and islamic state west african province iswap.
The countering violent extremism cve research hub is a knowledge and advocacy platform that serves as a centre of excellence in research on policy, practice and theory in kenya. As indicated above, in most cases this extremism is based on poor knowledge of the teaching of the religion being defended by the group involved. Read this policy brief to find out how youth development initiatives can prevent violent extremism in nigeria. This puts the total death count as a result of violent islamist extremism outside syria at 49,170. Perceptions of cultural threats, meaning that one group holds an existential fear of domination by another groupmost prominently this has been the west, or an international order that seeks to establish different norms is another belief linked with radicalisation and violent extremism. Pdf education and youth involvement in violent extremism. Islamic extremism is adherence to a fundamentalist interpretation of islam see islamic fundamentalism, potentially including the promotion of violence to achieve political goals see jihadism.
This is a community needs assessment cona report conducted in kogi state nigeria, showing an overview of an operational research aimed at identifying the causes of violence and how to prevent same. Boko haram, present in north nigeria, on zinders youth. It is very unlikely that christianity taught the revd abubakar bako to provoke. This includes terrorism and other forms of identitymotivated violence from hate crime to genocide 4 9. To comprehend the most repugnant violence unleashed by a nonstate actor in nigerias. Thus, the proximity of zinder with northern nigeria together with linguistics. Violent extremist groups often seek to provoke overreaction by states with the expectation that repressive responses will add to the justification for their violence and galvanize recruitment. In 2015, terrorist attacks in europe further demonstrated the threat that violent extremists pose. Operation bomas wrath was spearheaded by chad in coordination with niger and nigeria. The atrocities unleashed by boko haram since 2009 have affected millions of people in nigeria and the region as a whole. Those countries faced with significant threats of violent extremism need the capacity to deliver a measured and proportionate law enforcement and. In its resolution 2178 2014, on stemming the flow of foreign terrorist fighters ftfs, the council. From radicalization to violent extremism where is the tipping point.
Causes and consequence of violent extremism in northeast nigeria. Boko haram has devastated livelihoods in the lake chad basin. This study evaluated the northern nigerian countering violent extremism project. Pdf education and youth involvement in violent extremism in. Role of education in the prevention of violent extremism. Dfid defines violent extremism as the use of facilitation of violence targeted on civilians as a means of rectifying grievances, real or perceived, which form the basis of increasingly strong exclusive group identities dfid, 20. While a military strategy is useful to weaken the military capacity of terrorists, nonmilitary strategies including negotiations, deradicalization, disarmament, rehabilitation, reintegration, and other soft measures are advanced to tackle the. Several researches conducted in nigeria have identified religious distortions, unemploymentpoverty, reckless conflict handling styles and so forth, as the major drivers of violent extremism religious distortion. The notion of countering violent extremism cve gained increasing traction in 2015 among. Department of states antiterrorism assistance program to bolster the. The second part was a qualitative study in the form of interviews with 10 prominent peacebuilders in areas affected by boko haram in northern nigeria. The government said the attack was one of the deadliest such attacks of the past year.
Some bilateral donors have developed working definitions of violent extremism to guide their programming. The argues that author the distinction between nonviolent extremism and violent extremism is not a valid one. What do we know about drivers of radicalisation and. This is distinct from countering violent extremism which. Violent extremism and crisis management crisis group. At least 34,853 people were killed in syria in 2017 due to violent islamist extremism, making it the country most affected by this problem. Countering violent extremism united nations security. Water stress, instability, and violent extremism in nigeria. Boko haram in nigeria, and alshabaab in somalia and kenya have managed to hold their ground despite international counter terrorism efforts. In contemporary times, islamic extremism in northern nigeria is typified by the boko haram insurgency and the proselytizing campaigns of salafist.
On march 8, 2020, unidentified attackers raided two villages near burkina fasos border with mali, killing at least 43 people. Thus, the proximity of zinder with northern nigeria together with linguistics, family and ethnic ties, and with important flows of people and trade between the. The meeting was held in collaboration with the nigerian office of the national security adviser onsa and in partnership with partnership against violent extremism pave. Extremism from both sides is another important reason behind religious violence in nigeria.
Transforming violent extremism recognizes that while violent extremism exists, the reasons and motivators leading to an individual being drawn to violent extremist movements can be transformed into a different type of agency or engagement. Perspectives from peacebuilders in religious issues. Countering violent extremism in nigeria nigeria coalition. The authors present the results of a text messagebased randomized controlled trial designed to assess the impact of a countering violent extremism cvethemed radio program broadcast in. Over the last two years, the obama administration and congress have promoted countering violent extremism or cve as a soft counterterrorism methodology designed to empower communities and build resilience to extremism. Home countering violent extremism cve research hub kenya. Despite the deployment of troops into the northern states of.
This program promotes improving government responsiveness to citizen expectations, reducing perceptions of marginalization particularly. Education and youth involvement in violent extremism in africa. Pdf terrorism and violent extremism in northeastern. The authors present the results of a text messagebased randomized controlled trial designed to assess the impact of a countering violent extremism cvethemed radio program broadcast in northern nigeria in 20182019. Employing the theory of participatory learning and action pla as the overarching framework, it sought to inquire the extent of localism in the design of the project visavis project outcomes. The northern nigerian countering violent extremism project. As announced by the international development secretary on 12 april 2018, dfid intends to pilot new countrylevel programming targeting specific communities and locations vulnerable to violent extremism. Conflict in northern mali appears increasingly intractable, allowing violent extremist.
Plan of action to prevent violent extremism report of the secretarygeneral, a7067, paragraph 50f. Nigeria policy framework on countering violent extremism. Countering violent extremism working in crises and conflict. It implicitly projects a somewhat infantilized image of extremists through the suggestion that those who radicalize are malleable, immature and infantile.
This policy brief presents the results of a fieldbased study on peacebuilders perspectives of the drivers of violent extremism. The readings below examine what violent extremism is, how people become violent extremists, why they do so, where violent extremism takes place and how it affects the west and asiaafrica very differently, and what can be done about it. On february 17, 2020, a group of unidentified armed terrorists ambushed a protestant church in pansi, northern burkina faso. An analysis of youth participation in boko haram activities in nigeria article pdf available december 2017 with 683 reads. Violent extremism ve activities beliefs, attitudes, actions, strategies of people who support or use violence for political, religious or other identitydriven beliefs. Counter terrorism and the prevention of violent extremism. A report on preventing violent extremism in kogi state. One was when fighters mobilised for the antisoviet jihad in afghanistan returned to join uprisings or shelter in places like algeria, chechnya, libya and sudan. Push factors create the opportunities for violent extremists to gain traction.
Aug 31, 20 redressing violent extremism in northern nigeria will require interventions at every stage of the radicalization spectrum, from the measured use of force, to proactive development investments to alleviate socioeconomic grievances, to countering extremist ideologies, to rehabilitating individuals who have been radicalized. Enhance the capacity of individuals and communities to prevent and counter violent extremism and recover from violent incidents. Countering violent extremism in west africa in recent years the landscape of violent extremism in west africa has grown increasingly fractured and complex. Respondents were selected using networks established by the network for religious and traditional peacemakers.
615 1102 1422 62 1515 972 394 979 1495 916 622 1232 544 1196 741 1403 447 1444 1239 27 785 1195 1024 1437 1014 1401 1341 1330 955 354 179 254